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iron lady
Iron Lady is the nickname of British politician and former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher.〔 It was invented by Captain Yuri Gavrilov in a 24 January 1976 article in the Soviet newspaper ''Red Star'' about Thatcher's "Britain Awake" speech where she expressed her staunch opposition to the Soviet Union and to socialism.〔 The nickname became popular, transforming Thatcher's image, and helping her and her Conservative Party to win three elections〔
"Iron Lady" has since has been used, along with regional variations, to describe other female heads of government or political figures, even retrospectively.
The term describes a woman who is either stubborn and inflexible or strong.〔 It is an allusion to the "Iron Chancellor" of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck.〔
==Origin==
Margaret Thatcher, the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Britain Awake )〕 was the leader for whom the term was coined. On 19 January 1976, Thatcher, having recently been elected Leader of the Conservative Party, gave a speech entitled "Britain Awake" at Kensington Town Hall in Chelsea, London.〔 It included the claim that ''The Russians are bent on world dominance, and they are rapidly acquiring the means to become the most powerful imperial nation the world has seen''.〔 On 24 January, the Soviet military newspaper ''Red Star'' published a response to Thatcher's speech by military journalist Captain Yuri Gavrilov.〔Gavrilov, Yuri, "The 'Iron Lady' Sounds the Alarm", Krasnaya zvezda, 1976-01-24, p. 3, translated at The Current Digest of the Soviet Press – Volume 28, Issues 1–13 – Page 17〕 Gavrilov supplied the headline "The 'Iron Lady' Sounds the Alarm"〔 to the piece, intending an allusion to Otto von Bismarck, known as the "Iron Chancellor" of imperial Germany.〔("Revealed: Red Army colonel who dubbed Maggie the Iron Lady ... and changed history" ) by Will Stewart, ''Daily Mail'', 24 February 2007〕〔Amazing & Extraordinary Facts – Prime Ministers, David & Charles, http://books.google.com/books?id=lrKJaTWhlm8C&pg=PT108&dq=%22iron+lady%22+Gavrilov&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UCBnUf6nPImdkQXpvoC4Bw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA〕 According to Gavrilov's article, Thatcher was at the time ''already'' known as "The Iron Lady" in Britain, supposedly on account of her "extreme conservatism".〔 Gavrilov's article was noticed by the British ''Sunday Times'' newspaper the next weekend and subsequently given wide publicity.〔 The nickname stuck firmly to Thatcher. A 2011 biographical feature film about her is called ''The Iron Lady''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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